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Reproduction Reproduction of the mosses is performed in a cycle of alternation of generations, sexual (gamete) and asexual (by spores in the capsule of the sporophyte).
• sexual organs are grouped at the end of the caulidios or short side branches are surrounded by
• filidios as involving, filidios periqueciales
• may be hermaphroditic, monoecious or dioecious often appear
• juicy or paraphyses multicellular hairs ending in spherical cells
• antheridia and archegonia appear apendiculates
• anterozoides are attracted chemotactically to the development of the sporophyte
archegonium
• The zygote divides to form an embryo elongated transversalemte
• apical cell in the embryo occur oblique septa forming a wedge-shaped apical cell Digon
• apical cell undergoes radial divisions into four quadrants, periclinal divisions differs by a layer of outer cells (anfitecio) and internal (endothecium)
• endothecium outer layer usually develops in the arquesporio that were divided completely in spore mother cells (esporocitos)
• endothecium the inner cells are not involved in the formation of arquesporio (difference with liver), but form a line of sterile tissue, the columella
• columella is surrounded sporogenous per sack, which functions as nutrient conducting tissue
• the bottom of the embryo, the haustorium, is fixed to the gametophytic tissue
• the young sporophyte is protected by a sheath (embrioteca) formed from the belly of the archegonium, the tissues of the foot of the same tissue or even caulidio
• embrioteca eventually the tears with the growth of the sporophyte, the top form the root cap, the bottom is the vagínula
• mature capsule form special structures available to help eliminate and dispersal of spores in some mosses
• conducting tissues may occur, hydroids, dead cells and elongated, with longitudinal walls thickened and angled cross, no lingificación (tracheids of vascular plants) may appear
• nutrient-conducting cells, leptoides, similar to the sieve elements, the side walls are often thickened and traversed by sieve pores with plasmodesmata, with nucellus and
• hydroids plastids appear leptoides center and externally in the central cord
• Ester, living cells, elongated, next to the hydroids, with thickened walls, serve to give strength (similar to collenchyma)
• parenchyma cells , along with leptoides, no sieve pores
• Some cords are simpler
• leaf traces cords is attached to the central cord extend the filidios
• the foot of the sporophyte haustorium can be connected to the central cord of gametophyte, communicating its asexual reproduction
hydroids of mosses have
• great power of regeneration and filidios
• caulidios may lead to new gametophytes, either directly or through the protonema stage
• propagules may occur in the leaf axils and stem apices