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Kingdoms of Life Biodiversity

Life. In the beginning, life is a dynamic concept, a concept that changes among other reasons depending philosophical and points view, research and discoveries. To define what life is as complex as life itself.

be alive, what is a living being?. At what point of composition and chemical and physical interaction of molecules and let life begin its inert state matter, and to become defined as living matter?.

Living things require energy, feed, occurs in these processes of energy exchange, consumption and release of energy. Living things grow, change, grow, interact with the environment and have the ability to reproduce.

Life on Earth is an action that occurs in variety, ecological complexes and ecosystems. Life ends up being a compendium of curiosities that attracted attention to the man since his first walk.

Biodiversity. The concept of biodiversity encompasses all the varied forms of manifest life and their relationship, thereby including ecological systems. Roughly biodiversity can be divided into three levels: ecosystems, species and genes. Biodiversity manifest today is the result of dynamic and evolving, the interconnectedness of species, ecological changes and genetic variations that are displayed on the existence and living forms of matter.

Biodiversity and a little history of its classification:

Since Aristotle met living organisms into two kingdoms: Animal Plant and is now even easier for us to differentiate the bodies separating life that way, but there appear then the great confusion as to call a coral plant simply by having, at first glance, form branched tree way, this case is typical and occurs in some animals that live in colonies.

Ernst Haeckel (XIX century) created a third kingdom to group certain tiny creatures which generated much discussion at the time of classifying animals and plants, these unicellular organisms grouped in the kingdom Protista with intermediate similarities between plants and animals.

Carl von Linnaeus (1707-1778), a student of botany was born in Sweden and is considered the father of taxonomy, categorized a large group of species thus establishing divisions to group them for study. Many of these categories are used today.

Linnaean classification was based on the principle that plant and animal species living unit were the lower and higher categories grouped into generic.

Linnaeus calls this type of grouping or classification binomial nomenclature used and Latin, the language learned at the time, to name the different species and genera was classified, thus establishing a scientific language adopted internationally.

In a fourth kingdom shall be on the bacteria and a type of organisms called blue-green algae or cyanobacteria, for prokaryotic cells present is say no nucleus or organelles defined, Kingdom Monera.

remained to place the mushrooms in a large group and not even look like plants, have eukaryotic cell with its nucleus and cell walls but lacking pigment defined photosynthetic as enshrined in the United Plant and were placed then in a fifth kingdom by the American scientist RH Whittaker, calling Kingdom Fungi, this just in 1969.

Finally, most of the scientific world today uses these five kingdoms RHWhitaker proposed to classify the world of biological diversity: Monera , Protists, Mushrooms, Plants and Animals . (see Margulis & Schwartz, 1985)

the God eternal, wise and powerful as I've seen him walk past me and I remained confused. I found some traces of his footsteps in his works, even in the smallest. What wisdom! What power! It is inexplicable perfection!

Carl von Linnaeus

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The mountain cortinario

Scientific Name: Cortinarius orellanus

Common Name: mountain cortinario

This fungus is deadly and strangely it may take up to 14 days after its intake to cause early symptoms that announce the death, affects the liver and kidneys with very severe necrosis. Its toxicity is similar to that caused by Amanita phalloides , but the toxic principle causing poisoning is the Orellanina.

The cortinario of the mountain has a cap that reaches 10 cm. in diameter, initially conical flared and moving to plano-convex at maturity. It features a yellow-orange or brown red, the blades are somewhat separate, free, unequal, the same color as the hat. The foot is straight or curved, longer than the diameter of the hat and yellow. Cutting this mushroom features a "meat" yellow, scented radish.

appears in autumn and lush rain forests, among the moss.

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The smelly amanita satan

Scientific Name: Amanita virosa

Common Name: stinking amanita

Known as Destroying anglophone Angel (angel destructor) that is so deadly poisonous mushroom as Amanita phalloides , causing a syndrome called phaloidiano (hepatotoxic).

The smell of this fungus is very unpleasant. Can be found from spring to autumn majestic, solitary or in small groups in acid soils, especially in humid forests and less often you will be located in areas of conifers.

The hat of this mushroom has a diameter of between 5 and 10 cm, convex to conical or flared pulling more or less mammillated, not fully open. Its cuticle is wet and sticky when the weather is cool and wet. Appears white and the center more ocher, with 10% potash stained yellow sulfur. The foot is white and sometimes with hairs. It has a very fragile ring and base the white Volvo. A very similar species and is also deadly Amanita verna .

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Scientific Name: Boletus satanas

Common Name: satan ticket

a mushroom is toxic or poisonous, but not mortal. Error consumption by generating strong gastrointestinal disorders especially if eaten raw. It is very dangerous and can confound with edible species such as B. Erythropus.

The appearance of Boletus satanas is spherical, rounded hat is initially convex and then very large, reaching between 25 and 30 cm in diameter with a somewhat irregular edge. Cuticle has some brownish gray or greenish.

The flesh of this mushroom poisoning is white, which when cut and exposed to air makes its bluish color and gives off an unpleasant odor.

With foot short and thick, deep red at the bottom. Crosslinked with a net surface relief also red.

usually found in gaps of beech and oak forests in summer and autumn.

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The death cap mushroom

Scientific Name: Amanita phalloides

Common Name: death cap mushroom

These an extremely poisonous mushroom, causes 90% of deaths from mushroom in Spain.

The amanita, have a shell covering the foot like a broken egg shell. With a ring and the hymenium consists of white flakes. The hat is initially closed until the opening bell at the edges and flatter in the center, very regular and smooth surface, something bright and variable in color from white to yellow and slightly darker, olive-green. With radial fibrils in the cuticle, giving your surface a distinctive look. The gills are white, rather wide. The foot of these mushrooms is regular circular section and widens at the base. It is white but may appear striking green spots. The "meat" inside is blancusa without typical odor displayed when it starts to decompose.

found in any type of forest from spring through fall. Su aspecto es muy variable por lo que en ocaciones puede confundirse con facilidad con muchas especies comestibles.

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The death cap mushroom toxic white bonnet

Nombre Científico: Amanita verna

Nombre Común: oronja blanca, cicuta blanca, cogomasa, amanita de primavera

Especie absolutamente mortal, un solo ejemplar puede causar la muerte. Fácil de confundir con setas comestible como Psalliotas Arvensis, Bispora, Campestris, Silvícola.
Lo encontramos como envuelto en un velo blanco de forma oval parecido a un huevo desde from where the stalk with his trademark ball cap that looks first and then flat, whitish or pale cream color, usually something askew about the foot, 4 to 10 cm in diameter. White sheets, free. The pedicel is rather high, such as bone, cylindrical, has supported the base ring and lower in the Volvo bulbous, sometimes colored with yellow and white stain Blaco old. white hemlock lives in oak and beech forests in limestone terrain and where conifers grow, your cycle is from May to September, spring is a dangerous mushroom, but rare.

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Scientific Name: Gyromitra esculenta

Common Name: bonnet

known as cap, has a spherical cap, very irregular, with convoluted and grooves that give it some resemblance to the brain. Its color is brown or blackish-brown varying depending on the season.

This mushroom, very controversial, raw or undercooked food can be fatal. Can only be consumed once it is thoroughly cooked or previously dried, in small amounts and very distant periods of time. In sensitive individuals, can cause serious poisoning and even death. Intoxication occurs after a few hours with digestive problems, jaundice and nervous disorders. The toxin contains the giromitrina , which is sensitive to desiccation and water soluble. It is found in coniferous forests with abundant plant debris. It grows in spring. Is rare.